糖尿病
To Prevent Type 2 糖尿病, Know the Risks
作者：Prasad Katta，医学博士
专业: 内分泌学
有超过
30.三百万美国人 living with 糖尿病, an estimated
90%到95% of those have been diagnosed with Type 2 糖尿病.
Caused by a combination of your body’s inability to effectively use
insulin and insufficient insulin production, Type 2 糖尿病 can have
some serious health consequences. 它不仅是
第7大死因 in the United States, its long-term effects can include damage to the
eyes, kidneys, and nerves, as well as an increased risk of heart disease
和中风.
However, although it’s the most common form of 糖尿病, Type 2 糖尿病
也是最可预防的吗.
You may have heard of, or been diagnosed with,
前驱糖尿病. This means that, while your blood glucose levels aren’t high enough
to be considered diabetic, you possess characteristics that indicate that
you’re at an increased risk for Type 2 糖尿病. 基本上,这是
a warning sign that says, “Hey, unless you make some immediate and
permanent lifestyle changes, you’re going to get 糖尿病.”
So, with prevention in mind, 在这里 are some Type 2 糖尿病 risk factors
that you inherit and ones that you’re able to control.
-
年龄
As you age, your risk for developing 糖尿病 increases. 总的来说
part, is due to decreased beta cell function within your pancreas (the
cells are responsible for insulin production). 45岁以上的人
are at an increased risk for developing 糖尿病.
-
性
While one’s sex, in itself, is not a risk factor, whether or not
a woman has developed gestational 糖尿病 (GDM) during pregnancy is.
In fact, research suggests that a woman who has had GDM is at as much
as 7 times higher risk of developing Type 2 糖尿病 later in life.
-
种族或民族
Although it’s still unclear whether discrepancies in 糖尿病 prevalence
is due to genetics or the lifestyles and diets of certain cultures, t在这里
are some races and ethnicities that have higher 糖尿病 rates. 根据
美国糖尿病协会, the risk for developing Type 2 糖尿病 is highest in Native American
and Pacific Islander populations, followed by African Americans, Hispanics,
Asians and Caucasians, in descending order of risk.
-
家族病史
Having a close family member (mother, father or sibling) with 糖尿病
is an indicator of a genetic predisposition toward that condition. 的
more relatives with 糖尿病 you have, the greater your chance of getting
糖尿病. For instance, people who have one parent with diagnosed Type
2 糖尿病 have about a 30 percent chance of developing it over their
一生中. With two parents, it’s about a 60 percent chance.
-
高血压
Also called hypertension, high blood pressure is a risk factor for a number
of serious conditions including 糖尿病. 事实上，大约25%
people with Type 1 糖尿病 and 80 percent of those with Type 2 糖尿病
也有高血压.
-
体育活动
In addition to the many other health benefits that come with physical activity,
exercise helps lower your blood glucose levels, manage weight and lower
你患高血压的风险. When a patient asks how often they should
be exercising, I tell them that they should exercise any day they eat,
but the 美国糖尿病协会 suggests you aim for 30 minutes
一天，一周5天.
-
身体质量指数
Your 身体质量指数, or body mass index, is a calculation of your body weight to height
比. While by no means a perfect indicator of a person’s health,
it’s a standard screening tool to approximate body composition.
In the case of 糖尿病, the accumulation of fat in one’s liver
can affect the insulin production, causing 糖尿病. 你可以计算你的身体质量指数
在这里, but the further away you are from a healthy body mass, the greater your
chance is for developing 糖尿病.
An important thing to remember about risk factors is that no one characteristic
will definitively determine whether or not you develop Type 2 糖尿病.
Rather, it’s an accumulation of risk factors and how they interact
to cause or complicate conditions.
If you think you’re at increased risk for developing 糖尿病, I
suggest that you schedule an appointment with your primary care provider
who can diagnose and treat your 糖尿病. 你的PCP也可以推荐你
to an endocrinologist, like myself, who specializes in the diagnosis and
management of glandular diseases like 糖尿病.
If you or a loved one has been recently diagnosed with the disease, learn
更多关于团队如何
Washington 糖尿病门诊中心 can teach you to better manage your condition.
2019年3月发布
